Rural women, as half of the population of rural communities, play a key role in economic and sustainable development, but several obstacles limit their participation. The present study aimed to analyze the tourism business ecosystem of rural women and identify the factors affecting its sustainability in the counties of Fouman and Soumeh-Sara. The research method is applied and descriptive-analytical with a quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of 50 rural women active in tourism and 42 local managers who were surveyed using the census method. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire (47 items in 9 components: business, financial resources, education, human capital, institutional support, market, social, cultural, and infrastructure and technology) and analyzed with a one-sample t-test in SPSS software. The results showed that from the perspective of women, the components of human capital (1.65), social (1.79), business (1.84), education (1.87), financial resources (1.96), and institutional support (1.98) are below average and in an unfavorable state, while the components of culture (2.43), market (2.39), and infrastructure and technology (2.64) are close to the average. From the perspective of local managers, the components of social, business, and human capital are in the weakest state, while the components of culture (2.94), institutional support (2.69), and infrastructure and technology (2.8) show a more favorable state. The significant difference between the two perspectives indicates a lack of balance between the components of the ecosystem. The overall results indicate that the weakness of human capital, education, institutional support, and social networks hinder the sustainability of women's tourism businesses. Accordingly, developing skills training, improving financial access, and strengthening infrastructure can provide the basis for women's empowerment and sustainable rural development.