Capacity building is one of the essential components in every country in order to achieve sustainable development goals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the dimensions of cultural-social capacity building in the implementation of public policies of the Social Security Organization in five provinces of Iran. The sample size was 17 people who were selected by purposive sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part is managers and experts of the Social Security Organization of Iran, numbering 3029 people. The sample size is 176 people based on the Cohen table, who were selected in a two-stage cluster. In this study, SPSS and EXCEL software were used to analyze the data. The results obtained led to the extraction of 26 components and 9 dimensions, including: approval of convergent policies and intra-organizational coherence, political independence of the organization, establishment of social justice, implementation of e-government principles in the organization, attention to environmental changes, reform of the social security culture, belief in creating change and innovation, networking in the organization, and creation of a monitoring and feedback system. The results of the DEMATEL analysis of the socio-cultural capacity-building model in the implementation of public policies in the social security organization show that the dimension of "networking in the organization" was the most important dimension and the dimension of "reforming the social security culture" was the most influential dimension. Efforts to improve the capacity to implement the policies of the social security organization should be accompanied by planning and constructive and sustainable changes in the structure of the organization and management, and with efficiency and effectiveness in restructuring the structure of the organization and management in formulating and implementing the policies of the social security organization, in order to strengthen other indicators.