پژوهش‌های جغرافیای اقتصادی

پژوهش‌های جغرافیای اقتصادی

تحلیلی بر عوامل موثر در رقابت‌پذیری اقتصادی مقاصد گردشگری روستایی، مطالعه موردی: روستاهای هدف گردشگری استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
2 دانشیارگروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
چکیده
مناطق روستایی با توجه به ارایه ترکیبی از جاذبه‌­های گردشگری طبیعی و فرهنگی ناشی از ویژگی­‌های جغرافیایی و شیوه­‌های زندگی به عنوان مقاصد گردشگری ارزان برای گذران اوقات فراغت و تفریح شناخته می­‌شود. توسعه گردشگری روستایی از دیدگاه بیشتر محققان به عنوان ابزاری بازآفرینی و احیای مجدد اقتصادی- اجتماعی مناطق روستایی برای نیل به توسعه پایدار مطرح است. افزایش تعداد گردشگران ورودی به مناطق روستایی، به بروز نیازها و تقاضاهای جدید در مناطق گردشگرپذیر روستایی منجر شده است که ارایه مزایای رقابتی نقش مهمی در وفاداری گردشگران، رضایت و حمایت مجدد از مقاصد می­شود. تحقیق حاضر با هدف نقش حمل ونقل در رقابت­پذیری اقتصادی مقاصد گردشگری روستایی می­باشد. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده و ماهیت آن توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر گردآوری داده‌­ها با استفاده از روش­های میدانی (مشاهده و تکمیل پرسشنامه) است. بدین منظور در سطح تحلیل روستا، با توجه دارای سکنه بودن 9 روستا از روش تمام­شماری استفاده شده است. در سطح تحلیل خانوار از 1312 مورد، با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 297 خانوار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده و پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌­گیری سیستماتیک تکمیل شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌­ها از آزمون­‌های آماری از قبیل t تک نمونه­ای، تحلیل خوشه­‌ای، همبستگی پیرسون و کروسکال والیس استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که از بین سه شاخص رقابت‌­پذیری مورد مطالعه (جاذبه­‌های مقصد، خدمات پایه و زمینه­‌های گردشگری)، شاخص جاذبه­‌های گردشگری با میانگین عددی 98/3 بیشترین تأثیر را دارد. همچنین، با توجه به میزان ضریب همبستگی 837/0 بین شاخص­های رقابت‌­پذیری گردشگری و توسعه اقتصاد روستاهای هدف گردشگری رابطه همبستگی معناداری در سطح 99 درصد وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، نتیجه آزمون کروسکال والیس نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری در بین روستاهای هدف در شاخص­های رقابت­‌پذیری و توسعه اقتصادی وجود دارد که نقش عوامل جغرافیایی از قبیل اقلیم، ناهمواری­‌ها و تنوع جاذبه‌­های گردشگری در این تفاوت قابل توجه است
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Economic Sustainability of Rural Tourism Destinations, Case Study: Tourism Target Villages of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces

نویسندگان English

Sakineh Azarakhsh 1
Jamshid Einali 2
1 Master's degree in Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zanjan , Zanjan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده English

Rural areas are known as cheap tourist destinations for leisure and recreation due to the combination of natural and cultural tourist attractions resulting from geographical features and lifestyles. Rural tourism development is considered by most researchers as a tool for regeneration and socio-economic revitalization of rural areas to achieve sustainable development. Increasing the number of incoming tourists to rural areas has led to new needs and demands in rural tourist areas, which provide competitive advantages, play an important role in tourist loyalty, satisfaction and re-support of destinations. The present study aims to investigate the role of transportation in the economic competitiveness of rural tourism destinations. The present study is of applied type and its nature is descriptive-analytical based on data collection using field methods (observation and completion of a questionnaire. At the household analysis level, out of 1312 cases, 297 households were selected as a sample using the Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was completed using systematic sampling method. To analyze the data, statistical tests such as t Single sample, cluster analysis, Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The results showed that among the three competitiveness indices studied (destination attractions, basic services and tourism areas), the tourist attraction index with the average Numerical 3.98 has the greatest effect. Also, according to the correlation coefficient of 0.837, there is a significant correlation between tourism competitiveness indicators and economic development of tourism target villages at the level of 99 %.In addition, the result of Kruskal test Wallis showed a significant difference between the target villages in terms of competitiveness and economic development There is a significant role for geographical factors such as climate, roughness and diversity of tourist attractions in this difference.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Economic Sustainability of Rural Tourism Destinations, Case Study: Tourism Target Villages of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Competitiveness of tourism
rural economy
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces
Abdulla, S. A. M., Khalifa, G. S., Abuelhassan, A. E., & Ghosh, A. (2019): Antecedents of Dubai revisit intention: The role of destination service quality and tourist satisfaction. Restaurant Business, 118(10), 307-316.
An, W., & Alarcón, S. (2020): How Can Rural Tourism Be Sustainable? A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 12(18), 7758.
Apostolopoulos, N., Liargovas, P., Stavroyiannis, S., Makris, I., Apostolopoulos, S., Petropoulos, D., & Anastasopoulou, E. (2020): Sustaining rural areas, rural tourism enterprises and EU development policies: A multi-layer conceptualisation of the obstacles in Greece. Sustainability, 12(18), 7687.
Aral-Tur, A. and Kozak, M. (Eds). (2015): “Destination competitiveness, the environment and sustainability: challenges and cases”, CABI Series in Tourism Management Research, Vol. 2, CABI.
Campón-Cerro, A. M., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Alves, H. (2017): Sustainable improvement of competitiveness in rural tourism destinations: The quest for tourist loyalty in Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(3), 252-266.
Chi, X., & Han, H. (2021): Emerging rural tourism in China’s current tourism industry and tourist behaviors: The case of Anji County. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(1), 58-74.
Chin, C.-H., Lo, M.-C., Nair, V., & Songan, P. (2016): Examining the effects of environmental components on tourism destination competitiveness: The moderating impact of community support. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 21(Supp. 1), 75–104.
Coccossis, H. (2016): Sustainable development and tourism: Opportunities and threats to cultural heritage from tourism. In Cultural tourism and sustainable local development (pp. 65-74). Routledge.
Coppola, P., Carbone, A., Aveta, C., & Stangherlin, P. (2020): Assessing transport policies for tourist mobility based on accessibility indicators. European Transport Research Review, 12(1), 1-17.
Cracolici, M. F., & Nijkamp, P. (2009): The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism management, 30(3), 336-344.
Cucculelli, M., & Goffi, G. (2016): Does sustainability enhance tourism destination competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 370-382.
Dašić, D., Živković, D., & Vujić, T. (2020): Rural tourism in development function of rural areas in Serbia. Економика пољопривреде, 67(3), 719-733.
Demirović, D., Košić, K., Surd, V., Žunić, L., & Syromiatnikova, Y. A. (2017): Application of tourism destination competitiveness model on rural destinations. Journal of the Geographical Institute" Jovan Cvijic", SASA, 67(3), 279-295.
Demirović, D., Košić, K., & Stjepanović, S. (2018): Competitiveness in rural tourism between Serbia and Hungary. R-Economy, 4(2), 59-66.
Demirović, D., Petrović, M. D., Neto Monteiro, L. C., & Stjepanović, S. (2016): An Examination of Competitiveness of Rural Tourism Destinations from the Supply Side Perspective = Case of Vojvodina (Serbia). Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 66(3), 387–400. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/IJGI1603387D
Dinis, I., Simões, O., Cruz, C., & Teodoro, A. (2019): Understanding the impact of intentions in the adoption of local development practices by rural tourism hosts in Portugal. Journal of Rural Studies, 72, 92-103.
Dwyer, L., Dragićević, V., Armenski, T., Mihalič, T., & Knežević Cvelbar, L. (2016): Achieving destination competitiveness: an importance–performance analysis of Serbia. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(13), 1309-1336.
Einali, J. (2014): The Assessment of the Role of Second Homes Tourism in Rural Economic Diversification (Case Study: Hesar-e-Valiasr Dehestan of Avaj County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 3(1), 97-107.
Einali, J., Chreraghi, M., & Azarakhsh, S. (2021): The Role of Transportation in Promoting Economic Competitiveness of Rural Tourism Destinations (Case Study: Tourism Target Villages of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 10(39), 51-77.
Erokhin, V., Ivolga, A., & Heijman, W. (2014): Trade liberalization and state support of agriculture :
effects for developing countries. Agricultural Economics - Zemědělská Ekonomika, 11(11), 524-537.
Fang, W. T. (2020): Rural tourism. In Tourism in emerging economies (pp. 103-129). Springer, Singapore.
Gao, J., & Wu, B. (2017): Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China. Tourism management, 63, 223-233.
Feizabadi, J., Gligor, D. and Alibakhshi Motlagh, S. (2019): "The triple-As supply chain competitive advantage", Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(7), 2286-2317. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2018-0317
Graja-Zwolińska, S., Maćkowiak, M., & Majewski, J. (2020): Rural tourism product development: The Polish experience. In Tourism Development in Post-Soviet Nations (pp. 175-189). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
García Sánchez, A., Siles López, D., Artal-Tur, A., & Kozak, M. (2016): Tourism destination competitiveness and innovation: the case of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Destination competitiveness, the environment and sustainability: challenges and cases, 13-23.
Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A., Sánchez-Fernández, R., & Jiménez-Castillo, D. (2016): Sustainability, value, and satisfaction: Model testing and cross-validation in tourist destinations. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5002-5007.
Jarábková, J., Majstríková, L., & Kozolka, T. (2016): Financial Supporting Tools of Rural Tourism Development in Nitra Self-Governing Region. European Countryside, 8(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1515/euco-2016-0010
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019): Community-based tourism and sustainable development of rural regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the citizenry. Sustainability, 11(17), 4733.
Kozak M, Rimmington M. (1999): Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings. Int J Hosp Manag. 18(3):273-283.
Küçükaltan, E. G., & Pirnar, I. (2016): Competitiveness factors of a tourism destination and impact on residents' quality of life: The case of Cittaslow-Seferihisar. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 2(1), 22-29.
Kułyk, P., & Brelik, A. (2019): Tourist competitiveness of Polish rural areas. European Research Studies Journal, Volume XXII, Issue 4, 379-387.
Law, F. Y., & Lo, M. C. (2016): Rural tourism destination competitivenes of kubah national park in sarawak: Tourists’ perspective. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 21, 127–148. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2016.21.supp.1.6
Lo, M.-C., Chin, C.-H., Abang Azlan, M., & Ramayah, T. (2016): Influencing Factors of Rural Tourism
Destination Competitiveness : Tourists ’ Perspective. In MAC-EMM 2016 (pp. 16–25).
Malheiro, A., Sousa, B. B., Liberato, D., & Liberato, P. (2020, April): Sustainability in tourism and hospitality: Trends and challenges. In Proceedings of the 35th International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA (pp. 15545-15555).
Maneenetr, T., & Tran, T. H. (2014): Developing Cultural Tourism in Border Province: A Case Study on Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 55–62.
Manhas, P. S., Manrai, L. A., & Manrai, A. K. (2016): Role of tourist destination development in building its brand image: A conceptual model. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 21(40), 25-29.
Manrai, L.A., Manrai, A.K. and Friedeborn, S. (2020): "Environmental determinants of destination competitiveness and its Tourism Attractions-Basics-Context, A-B-C, indicators: A review, conceptual model and propositions", Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(50), 425-449. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-01-2018-0010
Martínez, J. M. G., Martín, J. M. M., Fernández, J. A. S., & Mogorrón-Guerrero, H. (2019): An analysis of the stability of rural tourism as a desired condition for sustainable tourism. Journal of Business Research, 100, 165-174.
Maslow, A.H. (1987): Motivation and Personality, 3rd ed., HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY.
Miličević, K., Mihalič, T., & Sever, I. (2016): An investigation of the Relationship Between Destination Branding and Destination Competitiveness. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 1-13
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization (2021): Collection of reports of the Office of Sample Areas, The Office of Investment, Infrastructure and Tourism, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Morozov, M. A., & Morozova, N. S. (2016): Attractive tourist destinations as a factor of its development. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 7(1), 13-23.
Novais, M. A., Ruhanen, L., & Arcodia, C. (2018): Destination competitiveness: A phenomenographic study. Tourism management, 64, 324-334.
Postevoy, K. (2017): Improving the competitiveness of rural areas in the aspect of rural tourism development. Final Dissertation submitted to Instituto Politécnico de Bragança To obtain the Master Degree in Management, Specialisation in Business Management. https://bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt/bitstream/10198/14637/1/Postevoy_Kirill.pdf
Rezvani, M., Akbarian, S. R., Eftekhari, A., & Badri, S. A. (2012): A Comparative Study of Economic Effects of Second Homes Tourism and Same Day Visits in Rural Areas with Sustainable Development Approach (Case study: Shemiranat County). Journal of Rural Research, 2(8), 35-62.
Ritchie, J.R.B. and Crouch, G.I. (2010): “A model of destination competitiveness and sustainability”, In Wang, Y. and Pizam, A. (Eds) Destination Marketing and Management: theories and Applications, CABI North America, MA, pp. 326-339
Ryglová, K., Rašovská, I., Šácha, J., & Maráková, V. (2018): Building customer loyalty in rural destinations as a pre-condition of sustainable competitiveness. Sustainability, 10(4), 957.
Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., & Hall, C. M. (2019): Contested development paths and rural communities: Sustainable energy or sustainable tourism in Iceland? Sustainability, 11(13), 3642.
Senbeto, D. L., & Hon, A. H. (2020): Market turbulence and service innovation in hospitality: examining the underlying mechanisms of employee and organizational resilience. The Service Industries Journal, 40(15-16), 1119-1139.
Situmorang, R., Trilaksono, T., & Japutra, A. (2019): Friend or Foe? The complex relationship between indigenous people and policymakers regarding rural tourism in Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39, 20-29.
Stoffelen, A., Ioannides, D., & Vanneste, D. (2017): Obstacles to achieving cross-border tourism governance: A multi-scalar approach focusing on the German-Czech borderlands. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 126-138.
Statistics Center of Iran (2016): Population and Housing Censuses. Tehran, Iran. https://www.amar.org.ir/engl
ish/Population-and-Housing Censuses (In Persian)
Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E., & Simanavicius, A. (2021): Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable development, 29(1), 259-271.
Teixeira, S.J., Ferreira, J.J.M., Almeida, A. and Parra-Lopez, E. (2019): "Tourist events and satisfaction: a product of regional tourism competitiveness", Tourism Review, Vol. 74 No. 4, pp. 943-977. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2018-0181
 Trukhachev, A. (2015): Methodology for evaluating the rural tourism potentials: A tool to ensure sustainable development of rural settlements. Sustainability (Switzerland), 7(3), 3052–3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7033052
Veloso, C. M., Walter, C. E., Sousa, B., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., Santos, V., & Valeri, M. (2021): Academic tourism and transport services: student perceptions from a social responsibility perspective. Sustainability, 13(16), 8794.
Vlados, C., & Chatzinikolaou, D. (2020): Macro, meso, and micro policies for strengthening entrepreneurship: Towards an integrated competitiveness policy. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 7(1), 1-12.
Wijijayanti, T., Agustina, Y., Winarno, A., Istanti, L. N., & Dharma, B. A. (2020): Rural tourism: A local economic development. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(1), 5-13.
Xue, L., & Kerstetter, D. (2019): Rural tourism and livelihood change: An emic perspective. Journal of hospitality & tourism research, 43(3), 416-437.
Yudina, E. V., Uhina, T. V., Bushueva, I. V., & Pirozhenko, N. T. (2016): Tourism in a Globalizing World. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(17), 10599-10608.
Zeleke, A. F., & Biwota, S. M. (2020): Factors affecting tourism competitiveness of Ethiopia: International tourist destination choice perspective. J Tourism Hospit, 9(6), 446-459.
دوره 3، شماره 8
تابستان 1401
تابستان 1401
صفحه 68-83

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 شهریور 1401