Economic Geography Research

Economic Geography Research

Evaluation of physical-spatial growth of the city during the time period of its level increase in twenty years (Case study: sari city)

Document Type : Articles extracted from Thesis

Authors
Manizhe teimoory 1
Mehrdad Ramezanipoor 2
Ameneh Haghzad 2
Kia Bozorgmehr 2
1 PhD Candidate in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Geography and Urban Planning, Humanities, Islamic Azad University Chalous Branch, Iran
10.30470/jegr.2025.2056821.1283
Abstract
Sari as one of the most populous cities in Iran is experiencing a growing presence of industrial and man-made structures, which has led to the degradation of its natural environment. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of built environments on energy consumption and air pollution in the urban ecosystem of Sari. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in purpose. Given that the study investigates the comparative impacts of the built environment on the natural environment of Sari across three time intervals (1999, 2009, and 2019), the study area includes both artificial and natural landscapes of Sari city.The data used in this research regarding air pollutants were obtained from Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery. The analysis of the data was conducted using remote sensing techniques through ArcGIS and Terset software.The findings reveal that over the three time periods, land surface temperature (LST) increased in parallel with the decline in vegetation cover in Sari. In 1999, LST ranged from 19°C to 32°C, which rose to between 23°C and 41°C by 2019. The reduction in vegetation, driven by construction and urban physical expansion, has significantly increased surface temperatures. Moreover, the spatial correlation analysis of surface temperature across Sari shows a point-to-point spatial correlation of 0.47 between 1999 and 2019, indicating that approximately 5.3% of the city's area has experienced changes in its surface temperature pattern over the past two decades.
Keywords
physical-spatial growth of the city
increase in temperature
air pollution
Sari city

احدنژاد روشتی، محسن؛ طهماسبی مقدم، حسین؛ شامی، فاطمه؛ و محرمی، سعید . (1398). تبیین فضایی پدیدۀ پراکنده رویی شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر قائم شهر). جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری، 6(1)، 1-13.

بحرینی، حسین؛ طبیبیان، محسن (1377)، «مدل ارزیابی کیفیت محیط زیست شهری»، مجله محیط  شناسی .56-41.

بدری، سید علی و رکن الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا. (1382)، ارزیابی پایداری: مفهوم و روش، فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، . شماره 69.

حسین آبادی، سعیده؛ یعقوب زاده، مصطفی؛ و فروزان مهر، مهدیه. (1399). شناسایی گردوغبار و تحلیل آن بر روی تصاویر ماهواره‌ای مودیس (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان زابل). کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی، 8(1), 167-186.

طهماسبی مقدم، حسین؛ بیگدلی، اعظم؛ و جوادی، محمد امین. (1404). تحلیل اثرات دگردیسی مکانی-فضایی کاربری اراضی پیرامون کلانشهر اصفهان با تأکید بر پایداری اکولوژیکی. توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری، 7(2)، 79-104.

عابدینی، آرش؛ داغستانی، مریم. (1399)، بررسی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی مصنوعی و طبیعی در دیوارهای سبز بر آلودگی صوتی(مطالع موردی: خیابان ولیعصر ابهر). فصلنامه مطالعات محیط زیست، منابع طبیعی و توسعه پایدار، 4 (4)، 25 – 13.

عادلی ساردو، فاطمه؛ صالحی، اسماعیل؛ و صالحی، رضا. (1396). تحلیل مقایسه‌ای گزارش وضعیت محیط‌زیستی (SOER)شهر تهران و لندن برای رسیدن به مولفه های پایداری محیط شهری. محیط شناسی، 43(4)، 665-682.

غلامی، علی اصغر؛ عباسی، علی اصغر و حیدرآبادی، ابوالقاسم. (1399)، سرمایه فرهنگی و رفتار زیست‌محیطی (مطالعه موردی: شهر ساری)، فصلنامه پژوهش اجتماعی، سال 12، شماره 48، صص 123-103.

فتحی، رقیه؛ شفقی، سیروس؛ و بیک محمدی، حسن. (1400). تحلیل ساختارکالبدی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری با رویکرد توسعه پایدار (نمونه موردی: بافت فرسوده شهر آمل). آمایش محیط، 14(52), 83-100.

لطفی، صدیقه؛ قدمی، مصطفی و درخشنده، سارا. (1394)، ارزیابی و رتبه بندی عوامل مؤثر بر پایداری محیط زیست شهرهای اشمال ایران (مطالعه موردی: شهر ساری)، نشریه شهر پایدار، سال 2، شماره 1، صص 48-24.

مهرآبادی، سمیه. (1400)، مدلسازی هوشمند منفرد و ترکیبی تخریب جنگل (محدوده: شهرستان ساری)، نشریه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، سال 21، شماره 60، صص 313-297.

Ahfeldt, G. M., & Pietrostefani, E. (2017). The compact city in empirical research: A quantitative literature review. Serc discussion papers (pp. 1–36).
Byrne, y. A., Brandet, R., and Port, O. (1993). The Virtual corporation Business week, February &, 36-41.
Cairnes, L. (1996). The compact city: A sustainable urban form. Urban Design International, 1, 293–294.
Cobbinah, P. B., & Korah, P. I. (2016). Religion gnaws urban planning: the geography of places of worship in Kumasi, Ghana. International Journal of urban sustainable development, 8(2), 93-109.
Deilami, K., Kamruzzaman, M., & Liu, Y. (2018). Urban heat island effect: A systematic review of spatio-temporal factors, data, methods, and mitigation measures. International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation, 67, 30-42.
Giridharan, R., Ganesan, S., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2004). Daytime urban heat island effect in high-rise and high-density residential developments in Hong Kong. Energy and Buildings, 36, 525–534.
Habitat, U. N. (2020). World Cities Report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. Nairobi, Kenya.
Hathway, E. A., & Sharples, S. (2012). The interaction of rivers and urban form in mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect: A UK case study. Building and Environment, 58, 14–22.
Henri, J & Journeault, M., (2008). Environmental performance indicators: An empirical study of Canadian manufacturing firms, Journal of Environmental Management, 87, pp.165-176.
Hong, J. W., Hong, J., Kwon, E. E., & Yoon, D. (2019). Temporal dynamics of urban heat island correlated with the socio-economic development over the past half-century in Seoul, Korea. Environmental Pollution, 254, 112934.
Huang, X., & Wang, Y. (2019). Investigating the effects of 3D urban morphology on the surface urban eat island effect in urban functional zones by using high-resolution remote sensing data: A case study of Wuhan, Central China. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 152, 119-131.
Reinaud, J. (2008). Issues behind competitiveness and carbon leakage. Focus on Heavy Industry. Paris: IEA. IEA Information Paper, 2.
Kotharkar, R., Ramesh, A., & Bagade, A. (2018). Urban heat island studies in South Asia: A critical review. Urban Climate, 24, 1011-1026.
Li, X., Zhou, Y., Asrar, G. R., Imhoff, M., & Li, X. (2017). The surface urban heat island response to urban expansion: A panel analysis for the conterminous United States. Science of the Total Environment, 605, 426-435.
Liang, Z., Wu, S., Wang, Y., Wei, F., Huang, J., Shen, J., & Li, S. (2020). The relationship between urban form and heat island intensity along the urban development gradients. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 135011.
Manoli, G., Fatichi, S., Schläpfer, M., Yu, K., Crowther, T. W., Meili, N., & Bou-Zeid, E. (2019). Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population. Nature, 573(7772), 55-60.
Masmoudi, S., & Mazouz, S. (2004). Relation of geometry, vegetation and thermal comfort around buildings in urban settings, the case of hot arid regions. Energy and Buildings, 36(7), 710-719.
Mori, k. and Christodulou, A. (2012). Review of sustainability indices and indicators: Towards a new city sustainability Index (CSI). Environmental Impact Assessment Review, (32):44-106.
Nardino, Marianna & Laruccia, Nicola. (2019). Land Use Changes in a Peri-Urban Area and Consequences on the Urban Heat Island, Climate 2019, 7, 133.
Nessa, B., (2007). Categorizing tools for sustainability assessment, Ecological Economics, 6 0, PP. 4 9 8 – 5 0 8.
Newman, P., & Jennings, I. (2012). Cities as sustainable ecosystems: principles and practices. Island press.
Oke, T. R. (1973). City size and the urban heat island. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 7(8), 769-779.
SutcliffeL et al, (2009), Development of a framework for assessing sustain ability in new product development, International conferene on engineering design, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Torento, G. G. (2011). The Living City Report Card, An assessment of the environment health of the Greater Torento Area. Torento: Torento & region conservation.
Xing, Y., Horner, R. M. W., El-Haram, M. A., & Bebbington, J. (2009, September). A framework model for assessing sustainability impacts of urban development. In accounting forum (Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 209-224). No longer published by Elsevier.
Yao, R., Wang, L., Huang, X., Zhang, W., Li, J., & Niu, Z. (2018). Interannual variations in surface urban heat island intensity and associated drivers in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 86-94.
Economic Geography Research
Volume 7, Issue 24
Autumn 2026
Pages 18-34

  • Receive Date 29 March 2025
  • Revise Date 10 May 2025
  • Accept Date 20 June 2025